Their idea, which is now a draft law, could include voting rights and other benefits. The Hungarian Autonomous Province was reorganized in 1960 in such a way as to lose its overwhelmingly Hungarian character by the detaching of purely Hungarian-inhabited territories and the adding of purely Romanian ones. The Hungarian population of Romania stands at more than 1.2 million, or 6.1 percent of the population. Even in Harghita and Covasna counties, where Hungarians continue to be in the majority, the law still remains to be fully enforced. Romanian National Unity Party 887,597 8.12 14 +12 Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania 830,193 7.60 12 0 Greater Romania Party 421,042 3.85 6 New Romanian Gold cyanidation in Romania (427 words) [view diff] exact match in snippet view article find links to article The authorities regularly use administrative measures to intimidate Hungarians. His protest was reportedly supported by Ion Ghoerghe Maurer, a former Prime Minister of Romania, and seven prominent officials belonging to the Hungarian minority. Hungarian sources however assert that there some two million Hungarians in Romania. In the same period a traditionally multinational Transylvania virtually lost its historically significant German-speaking community of Saxons. Székelys argue that the reform will turn them into minorities in the districts where they currently hold the minority. Recently Hungarian language publications have been required to refer to the country’s place names in Romanian. News Ceauşescu and the Hungarians. Tension between the two countries over Romania’s treatment of the minority has increased and become progressively more open after Janos Kadar’s departure as leader of the Hungarian party and the progressive liberalization in Hungary which, as well as allowing Hungarian citizens far greater access to consumer outlets in marked contrast to the situation in Romania, has allowed Hungarian public opinion to raise the issue of the minority ever more vocally. At times it acted as an independent state and, in this capacity, signed the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648 which ended the devastating Thirty Years’ War. The Orthodox Church, to which the majority of Romanian believers adhere, was merely “tolerated”. Shortages of paper are regularly used to curtail Hungarian publishing activities. There are also long-established Hungarian settlements on the eastern foothills of the Carpathians, particularly around Bacau. Alternative names: Magyars, SzeklersLocation: Predominantly TransylvaniaPopulation: 1.7-2 million% of population: 8-10%Religion: Catholic, Calvinist, UnitarianLanguage: Hungarian. In an attempt to prevent this outflow, the Romanian authorities started to build a fence along the Hungarian/Romanian border in 1988 — by mid-June 1989 some 78 kilometres out of a projected 300 had been completed. In the administration, there appears to be general agreement that the number of Hungarians is kept up to the proportion of Hungarians in the general population. It appears that the policy is not specifically aimed at the Hungarian or any other minority and applies equally to Romanian villages. the Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania could get more than 20 thousand votes outside Transylvania in 2016, 3,108 of them in Bucharest, the capital of Romania. Hungarians in Romania must keep this in mind because it has the potential to either make the dream of an autonomous Székely Land a reality or end Hungarian representation in Romanian politics entirely. This policy was resented by all the minorities and they all turned against the. Most Hungarian publications, including the Hungarian party’s daily paper are banned and copies confiscated at the border. In 1967-8 the publication network was reorganized and several new Hungarian-language newspapers were launched — one for each county with a substantial number of Hungarian inhabitants. Romanian SMEs, invited to answer questions on a survey launched by SME Europe. Hungarians in Romania are the largest Hungarian community living beyond the borders of the state of Hungary. The largest Hungarian block is Székely Land (Szekler Land) in the eastern part of Transylvania, in the centre of present-day Romania. The main party representing the ethnic Hungarians in Romania has issued a statement saying that the Kosovo conflict proves that the minority issue is unresolved in the Balkans and in Central and Eastern Europe. Although many consider autonomy under the communist dictatorship to have been no more than window dressing with serious constraints on human rights in general and minority rights in particular, Hungarians were less affected by discriminatory measures in the autonomous region than elsewhere in Transylvania. The spirit of co-operation of the MADOSZ period was ended and both the left and the right used the minority question as an instrument of political mobilization. The Hungarian authorities have raised the issue at a number of international forums. There is a German minority which has declined in recent years from perhaps 400,000 due to the ethnic Germans being allowed to emigrate to West Germany at a reported price of DM 6000 per head paid by the West German government (over 14,000 emigrated in 1984 alone), and smaller minorities of Serbs, Ukrainians and other much smaller groups of Slovaks, Czechs, Bulgarians and others. The elimination of the secondary school network followed with the unification of Hungarian and Romanian schools and the creation of Hungarian-language sections enabling better supervision by the authorities. While the regulatory context gradually softened between the 1990s and Romania’s accession to the EU, Romanian authorities continue to hinder the use of Hungarian in public administration, and obstruct the Transylvanian Hungarian community’s efforts to use mother-tongue names of their own choice for their own settlements, public spaces, and institutions. The Romanians are overwhelmingly Orthodox although other Free Church communities like the Baptists have attracted large numbers of Romanians in recent years. A century ago, a Hungarian-speaking population of more than 1.6 million – ie 32 per cent of the total population – lived in historic Transylvania and other areas annexed to Romania after WWI (together, these areas have since then been known as Transylvania). This was followed by a rapid fusion of Dacian and Latin culture resulting in the birth of Romanian national culture. The area Romania had to give up in 1940 never belonged to Romania until 1920, and it had a majority Hungarian population. Its organization differed in no way from the other 16 provinces and it was never given a statute. The mixed character of Transylvania was recognized very early by the so-called Union of Three Nations (1437, reaffirmed in 1542). The Serbian minority was expelled en masse from the Banat to the Baragan plain and was constrained to live in appalling conditions; the Germans had been stripped of their property and many deported to the USSR as “prisoners-of-war”; and there was a strong anti-Semitic campaign disguised as anti-Zionism. By contrast there is no restriction on Romanian pupils. The politics of the Romanian Communist Party regarding the Hungarian minority in the period of the Ceauşescu regime. It was renamed the Mures-Hungarian Autonomous Province. The Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania (DAHR, Hungarian: Romániai Magyar Demokrata Szövetség, RMDSZ; Romanian: Uniunea Democrată Maghiară din România, UDMR) is a political party in Romania representing the Hungarian minority of Romania. After World War I, the population of the state doubled, amounting to 18 million. Nevertheless, […] focused on Transylvania. 200,000 Hungarians perished in the Soviet camps. The protection of cultural and linguistic diversity in Transylvania may be promoted by the proper conduct of the Council of Europe’s periodically recurring minority protection monitoring procedures. The next major event was the Hungarian Revolution of 1956 which enjoyed support from Romanians as well as Hungarians in Romania. The setting up of the Council of Workers of Hungarian nationality (CWHN) was a typical example in that it was in practice entirely without powers and its recommendations, when it made any, were ignored. The Hungarian minority of Romania is the largest ethnic minority in Romania, consisting of 1,227,623 people and making up 6.5% of the total population, according to the 2011 census. 278/1973 stipulates that at primary level there must be a minimum of 25 applicants every year before a minority language instruction class can be opened for that year. After Nicolae Ceauşescu took over the party leadership in 1965, the territorial division of Romania was reorganized, abolishing the autonomous region in 1968. Cultural contacts were agreed and a Hungarian consulate would be (re-)opened in Cluj. In 1988 1,650 were returned to Romania but the number for 1989 is far lower with only 29 being sent back by July. After the destruction of the medieval Kingdom of Hungary by the Ottoman Empire after the Battle of Mohacs in 1526, Transylvania retained a precarious autonomy between the Hapsburgs and the Ottomans. The aim of the UDMR is to achieve local government, cultural and territorial autonomy and the right to … Richárd Buday, leader of the Petőfi Community Centre in Bucharest said that Hungarians should not come to the Romanian capital, because it is a melting pot of different ethnicities. In March 1993, after they had requested more decentralization, two Hungarian prefects were replaced in the mostly Hungarian counties of Harghita and Covasna, one of them by a member of Vatra Romaneasca. The Unitarians are Hungarian. Hungarian state in 1918. The status of the refugees in Hungary is under debate. The Hungarian community in Romania – Transylvania. for the first time in the history of Transylvania a form of coexistence between Hungarians and Romanians would be possible. Uprooting these villages will inevitably aid assimilation. About half the refugees are skilled workers with agricultural workers accounting for only 2% of the total which would indicate that the “systemization” is not a major reason for the exodus. The alternative is to appoint “facade” Hungarians, individuals who have in effect accepted Romanianization and are seen so by the Hungarians. This regulation has been strictly enforced in Transylvania and prevents Hungarians from Hungary from staying with relatives or friends. Most ethnic Hungarians of Romania live in areas that were, before the 1920 Treaty of Trianon, parts of Hungary. All urban settlements are mixed and the dynamics of urbanization have ensured that the composition of several towns has undergone changes over the last 40 years. approximately 1.4 million ethnic Hungarians in Romania, comprising nearly seven percent of the total population. Parallel with the closing down of Hungarian-language classes has been the declining numbers of Hungarian teachers with many sent to non-Hungarian parts of Romania, as are many who do succeed in completing an education in Hungarian thus severing their links with the minority. (see also Hungarians of Czechoslovakia; ). In the 1977 census, respondents could return their nationality as “Szekler” but most of the 600,000-700,000 Szeklers declared themselves to be Hungarians. From the mid-1970s onwards, a growing number of Hungarian intellectuals came to feel that the situation was less and less tenable. As the territorial autonomy of the Székely Land and the success of Transylvanian Hungarian autonomy aspirations in general are essential for the survival of the Hungarian community in Romania, Hungarian organizations advocate constructive debate on autonomy statutes in order to establish a broad political consensus. Hungarians in Romania are the largest Hungarian community living beyond the borders of the state of Hungary. The Hungarian minority of Romania is the largest ethnic minority in Romania, consisting of 1,227,623 people and making up 6.5% of the total population, according to the 2011 census. As a result, university education in Hungarian shrank drastically. The Székely Land enjoyed a kind of self-government for many centuries, and the Romanian state also guaranteed regional autonomy in most of this historic region named, from 1952, Hungarian Autonomous Region (from 1960, Mures Hungarian Autonomous Region). Additionally international action, notably the Helsinki Summit Final Act, specifically drew attention to nationality rights and the concept of “human rights”, and additional leverage was provided due to the state’s supposed independent foreign policy and its contingent dependence on Western approval. Of these refugees the overwhelming majority were Hungarians with only some 8% being ethnic Romanians. In 1977 Karol Kiraly, a member of the Hungarian minority and previous Central Committee member, sent three letters to high-ranking party members in which he claimed that the Hungarian minority was being forcibly assimilated and discriminated against in the fields of culture, education and employment. In January 1953 Dej declared that the national question had been solved for good in Romania and henceforth the authorities rejected any public discussion of the problem on the grounds that to do so would be chauvinism. Going against the expectations of European minority protection, the Romanian government is blocking these procedures, thwarting the review of the fulfilment of commitments made on the basis of conventions relating to minority protection. Historically, Transylvania was the scene of the first post-Reformation experiment in religious toleration. The Hungarian Kingdom slowly extended its power over the region settling Szeklers and Saxon (German) colonists to strengthen its economic development. In the last two years, an unprecedented situation has occurred with thousands of Hungarians from Romania fleeing to Hungary and applying for asylum there. However this measure if carried through will certainly adversely affect the Hungarian (as well as other) minority’s cultural heritage owing to the present continuing survival of traditional Hungarian values and way of life in the villages. The Treaty of Trianon in 1920 gave the historic Transylvania together with other Romanian inhabited lands (Banat, Crisana, Maramues) to Romania despite the large numbers of Hungarians living there. the Politburo or Central Committee of the party. In 1974, using paper shortage as the pretext, both Romanian and Hungarian newspapers were cut in size and circulation; the Romanian ones were later restored to their original size and print, the Hungarian ones were not.
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