Wells Club went on to do many things. Her call for all races and genders to be accountable for their actions showed African-American women that they can speak out and fight for their rights. Her dismissal from the Memphis … Her paternal grandmother, Peggy Wells (née Peggy Cheers; 1814–1887), along with other friends and relatives, stayed with her siblings and cared for them during the week while Wells was teaching.[10]. "[22], The event led Wells to begin investigating lynchings using investigative journalist techniques. Wells Monument", "A Determined Quest for Equality – How Ida B. [60] Despite these attacks in the White press, Wells had nevertheless gained extensive recognition and credibility, and an international audience of White supporters of her cause. Wells-Barnett explored these in detail in her The Red Record.[38]. [137][138], In July 2018, Chicago's City Council officially renamed Congress Parkway as Ida B. Du Bois, and more traditionally minded women activists, Wells often came to be seen as too radical. Wells had purchased a first class train ticket from Memphis to Nashville in May of 1884, when entering the train the crew forced her to move to the rear of the train even though she bought the ticket just as any other passengers. Died: March 25, 1931 in Chicago, Illinois. [30] For the next three years, she resided in Harlem, initially as a guest at the home of Timothy Thomas Fortune (1856–1928) and wife, Carrie Fortune (née Caroline Charlotte Smiley; 1860–1940). [58] Thompson's play explores Wells as "a seminal figure in Post-Reconstruction America". She was offered an editorial position for the Evening Star in Washington, D.C., and she began writing weekly articles for The Living Way newspaper under the pen name "Iola". Ida B. Ida B. Wells-Barnett was a fearless anti-lynching crusader, suffragist, women's rights advocate, journalist, and speaker. Ida was born on July 16, 1862 in a family of slaves at Holly Springs in Mississippi. She was born in Holly Springs, Mississippi in 1862 and died in Chicago, Illinois 1931 at the age of sixty-nine. At the time of her birth, both her parents were slaves, but they were freed by the Emancipation Proclamation in 1863. [104], During World War I, the U.S. government placed Wells under surveillance, labeling her a dangerous "race agitator". Ferdinand Lee Barnett, who lived in Chicago, was a prominent attorney, civil rights activist, and journalist. Wells and the Birmingham Connection", "Honoring Ida B. Frederick Douglass had written an article noting three eras of "Southern barbarism" and the excuses that Whites claimed in each period. Wells: Timeline. [117], In 1941, the Public Works Administration (PWA) built a Chicago Housing Authority public housing project in the Bronzeville neighborhood on the South Side of Chicago; it was named the Ida B. The Ida B. [130][131][132][133], In 2016, the Ida B. [150], In 1999, a staged reading of the play Iola's Letter, written by Michon Boston (née Michon Alana Boston; born 1962), was performed at Howard University in Washington, D.C., under the direction of Vera J. Katz,[b][151] including then-student Chadwick Boseman (Black Panther) among the cast. Black economic progress was a contemporary issue in the South, and in many states Whites worked to suppress Black progress. [48] Wells; October 25, 1892", "Alfreda Wells discusses her mother, Ida B. Wells-Barnett and her book 'Crusade for Justice, Du Bois, William Edward Burghardt (1868–1963), "Gender and Legal History in Birmingham and the West Midlands – Ida B. Wells to launch an anti-lynching crusade from Memphis in 1892 using her newspaper, Free Speech. At the age of 24, she wrote: "I will not begin at this late day by doing what my soul abhors; sugaring men, weak deceitful creatures, with flattery to retain them as escorts or to gratify a revenge."[12]. The Biblical "Samson", in the vernacular of the day, came from Longfellow's 1865 poem, "The Warning", containing the line, "There is a poor, blind Samson in the land ... " To explain the metaphor "Sampson", John Elliott Cairnes, an Irish political economist, in his 1865 article about Black suffrage, wrote that Longfellow was prophesizing; to wit: in "the long-impending struggle for Americans following the Civil War, [he, Longfellow] could see in the Negro only an instrument of vengeance, and a cause of ruin". Wells. [95][96][a] Illinois was the first state east of the Mississippi to give women these voting rights. [71][72] In 1914, she served as president of NERL's Chicago bureau. Ida B. Wells was born enslaved in Holly Springs, Mississippi in 1862. Angry about the previous day's mêlée, Barrett responded that "Blacks were thieves" and hit McDowell with a pistol. Wells: A Figure of Resistance in American Popular Culture", Frances Willard House Museum and Archives, "Women Subjects on United States Postage Stamps", "African American Subjects on United States Postage Stamps", "Truth-Telling: Frances Willard and Ida B. t is with no pleasure that I have dipped my hands in the corruption here exposed ... Somebody must show that the Afro-American race is more sinned against than sinning, and it seems to have fallen upon me to do so. [122], On February 1, 1990, at the start of Black History Month in the U.S., the U.S. She was devastated but undaunted, and concentrated her energy on writing articles for The Living Way and the Free Speech and Headlight. Wells was a civil rights leader and started the anti-lynching movement. "[24], Four days later, on May 25, The Daily Commercial published a threat: "The fact that a Black scoundrel [Ida B. Wells", "D.C.'s Newest Middle School Named After Ida B. [69] However, in her autobiography, Wells stated that Du Bois deliberately excluded her from the list. The safety of women, of childhood, of the home is menaced in a thousand localities, so that men dare not go beyond the sight of their own roof tree. The Red Record explored the alarmingly high rates of lynching in the United States (which was at a peak from 1880 to 1930). [140], On February 12, 2019, a blue plaque, provided by the Nubian Jak Community Trust, was unveiled by the mayor of Birmingham, Yvonne Mosquito, at the Edgbaston Community Centre, Birmingham, England, commemorating Wells' stay in a house on the exact site of 66 Gough Road where she stayed in 1893 during her speaking tour of the British Isles.[57][141]. [146] The Memphis Memorial Committee, alongside the Neshoba Community Center, will be seeking to honor Ida B. Wells had been out of town, vacationing in New York; but never returned to Memphis. Wells began writing for the paper in 1893, later acquired a partial ownership interest, and after marrying Barnett, assumed the role of editor. [36] The phrase, instrument of vengeance was also referenced in the 1831 work, The Confessions of Nat Turner, published by Thomas Ruffin Gray, wherein Turner explains how he saw the divine signs – God's will to eradicate the evil of slavery – that (a) vindicated him as an instrument of vengeance and (b) established his prophetic status.
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